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Electroanalytical Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis and Their Validation |
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Sibel A. Ozkan |
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$99.75 |
October 2011 |
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Preface
Pharmaceutical
analysts in research and development play a critical role in the development of
new pharmaceutically active compounds and follow-up activities to ensure that
the products meet established standards of quality and stability throughout
their shelf life. Electroanalytical methods provide key information about drug
molecules and their mechanism of action. They are not used more only because of
a lack of trained personnel and dependable commercial instrumentation.
Applications of electrochemical techniques for redox-active
drug development and mechanistic studies are a recent interest in drug
discovery. Many vital physiological processes depend on redox reactions, and it
is easy to find relationships, albeit not absolute, between electrochemical and
biological reactions regarding electron transfer pathways. Even allowing for
the in vivo effects of biological reactions, the oxidation mechanisms that take
place at the electrode and in the body are fundamentally related.
Electroanalytical techniques can easily solve many problems
of pharmaceutical interest with a high degree of accuracy, precision,
sensitivity, and selectivity. Pulsed voltammetric techniques are readily
available for analytical applications and studies of electrode mechanisms. A
review of the various electroanalytical methods and their validation for drug
development are the focus of this book.
The high performance, small size, and low cost of
electrochemical devices have led to many important analysis systems. Given the
impressive progress in electroanalytical chemistry and its growing impact on
analytical chemistry, this work offers an up-to-date, easy-to-read presentation
of recent advances using solid electrodes and discusses validation of
electroanalytical methods. The book will be useful to those considering the use
of electroanalysis in their laboratories and is suitable for a graduate-level
course in applied electroanalytical chemistry.
Chapter 1 introduces drug types and classes. Chapter 2
provides background on electrochemistry and some necessary electrochemical
equations. Chapter 3 gives an overview of electroanalytical experimental
considerations and conditions. Chapter 4 summarizes working electrode types
(including newly introduced electrode materials and modified electrodes),
surface characterizations, and use for electrochemical reactions. Chapter 5
deals with the principles of cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry and their
applications for pharmaceutical analysis, while the related Chapter 6 discusses
pulses voltammetric methods. Chapter 7 is devoted to the growing field of
voltammetry and its use as a stripping technique. Chapter 8 reviews some of the
relevant and recent achievements in the electrochemistry processes and
parameters mainly related to drug discovery and diseases. Chapter 9 contains
all necessary validation parameters and their calculations for
electroanalytical studies. Numerous references, covering the latest literature,
are given at the end of each chapter.
Although there have been books on electrochemical themes, it
is surprising that detailed explanations of electrochemical applications for
pharmaceutically active compounds and the necessary validation processes of
electroanalytical methods have not been available.
I hope that this book will make it much easier for potential
users in pharmaceutical and environmental laboratories as well as in academic
research to successfully apply electroanalytical studies and their validation.
I am
thankful to HNB Publishing for publishing this book and for the great freedom
given to me in choosing the topics. I also wish to thank my family for their
love, support, and patience. Finally, I would like to thank my colleague Mehmet
Gumustas for his help in creating some of the figures, including the cover
design, and to my coauthors for their valuable contributions.