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Wear Analysis for Engineers |
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$99.75 |
2002 |
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Preface
Like other types of
analysis commonly used in engineering, wear analysis is fundamentally the use of
equations and models to evaluate wear behavior. However, for it to be
effective, wear analysis must incorporate certain elements and considerations
beyond the evaluation of equations. In this book I describe a wear analysis
methodology that incorporates these elements and considerations. While wear
behavior is complex, useful wear analyses often are not. Generally, the
complexity and rigor of the analysis depend primarily on the engineering needs
and secondarily on the wear situation. It has been my experience that simple
and basic wear analyses, conducted in the proper manner, are often adequate in
many engineering situations. Integral and fundamental to the wear analysis
approach is the treatment of wear and wear behavior as a system property. As a
consequence wear analysis is not limited to the evaluation of the effects
of materials on wear behavior. Wear analysis often enables the identification
of nonmaterial solutions or nonmaterial elements in a solution to wear
problems. For example, changes in or recommendations for contact geometry,
roughness, tolerance, and so on are often the results of a wear analysis.
The wear analysis process
and the trends in tribological behavior described in this book are based on
experienced gathered over 40 years of utilizing this method to resolve and
avoid wear problems in a wide range of machines. Based on personal experience,
this wear analysis method has been successfully applied to wear situations as
diverse as those in modules containing computer chips to wear problems in
engines and agricultural equipment. It has been used for devices sensitive to
small amounts of wear but expected to withstand hundreds of millions of
operations, as well as mechanisms less sensitive to wear or expected to
withstand only a few hundred or so operations. Some of these applications are
described in Chapter 8, as well as in my previous book, Mechanical Wear
Prediction and Prevention (Marcel Dekker).
This book is intended to
explain the wear analysis method and its implementation and to provide
sufficient information for the performance of most wear analyses. It is
intended primarily for engineers. The wear analysis process and the
implementation of its various elements are described in the first chapter. Case
study examples of wear analyses are presented in the final chapter. Basic
information generally needed for the proper conduction of a wear analysis is
provided in the intervening chapters. Chapter 2 contains a summary of general
tribological behavior and generic descriptions of the significant phenomena
involved. The general influence of operational conditions and design parameters
on wear behavior and phenomena are also described in this chapter. Chapter 3
covers methods used in the examination phase of a wear analysis. Chapter 4 treats
two methods of classification of wear situations that are useful in conducting
wear analyses, particularly in identifying significant parameters and relevant
models. General analytical relationships for wear and wear models, which are
applicable to most wear situations, are discussed in Chapter 6. Chapters 5 and
7 contain a variety of additional information that is often significant in the
conduction of a wear analysis. Chapter 5 focuses on phenomenological aspects.
Chapter 7 focuses on specific wear situations that are frequently encountered
in practice, such as galling and fretting.
Several appendixes are
provided to facilitate the application of the wear analysis method. Appendix I
contains contact stress equations for various geometries. The remaining
appendices contain tables of experimental wear coefficients gathered from
various sources.
The detail of tribological
information provided in this book is intended to be adequate for typical wear
analysis. There are situations where more detailed or more extensive
information is required for the analysis. Numerous references are provided for
this purpose. I have found the following to be good sources of additional
information for wear analysis. Handbook of Tribology, B. Bhushan &
B.K. Gupta, McGraw-Hill, is a good source of material data; Friction, Wear,
and Lubrication Technology, Vol. 18, ASM Handbook, P. Blau Ed., ASM
International, is a good source for data and for a description of tribological
behavior in different applications. Mechanical Wear Prediction and
Prevention, R. G. Bayer, Marcel Dekker, is a good source for general
tribology, detailed cases studies, testing, and modeling.
I am grateful to all of
those organizations (cited by Reference number in the figure legends and table
footnotes) that granted permission for reproduction of numerous figures and
tables.